Confidential computing rests on three core principles: isolation, encryption, and attestation. Isolation ensures data and code are executed in a secure enclave, separate from the main operating system and other applications. Encryption makes the memory allocated to the TEE unreadable to anyone outside it, including the host operating system. Attestation verifies the TEE's integrity and the authenticity of the software running inside, establishing a chain of trust from hardware to software. These principles collectively ensure that data remains confidential and secure even during processing, addressing vulnerabilities present in traditional data protection methods.