Confidential computing operates through hardware support for secure enclaves, attestation services, and specific cloud provider architectures. Specialised hardware creates a secure enclave for data processing, ensuring isolation from the host system. Attestation services validate the enclave's integrity and the authenticity of its code. Cloud providers like AWS, GCP, Microsoft Azure and chip manufacturers including Intel, AMD and Nvidia offer confidential computing solutions with unique features to enhance data security. For example, AWS Nitro Enclaves, Intel TDX, and AMD SEV-SNP provide isolated environments and encryption mechanisms to protect data during computation, ensuring robust security for sensitive workloads.